In 1095-1096, the first crusade took place. He was headed by Peter Amiena, also known as Peter Stulaner. The French and Italians took part in it, only about 60,000 representatives of the bourgeoisie and the peasantry. The number was huge, but the expedition was organized spontaneously and ended in failure. Thirty percent of the participants died as a result of diseases and drags with the owners of the Byzantine destination, who accepted the Crusaders as enemies, and not as help in the fight against the Turks, because the emperor was not informed about the expedition. Many also captured. Those who managed to get to Malaya Asia, in turn, were divided by the Seljuk Turks under Nice.

The first knightly crusade occurred in 1096-1099. He had about 90 thousand people. Then the Crusaders managed to capture, among other things, Nice, the capital of the Sultanate - Icon, Edess, Syria and Antioch. In July 1099, Jerusalem was returned, and the local population was destroyed (about 40,000 people died). The Jerusalem kingdom under the rule of Pope, but the representative was the Jerusalem Patriarch. The first secular ruler of the new state was Godfrid Boulevard, who was carrying the title "Defender of the Coffin of the Lord". The successor of Godfrid was his brother Baldwin I. Since the Jerusalem kingdom was in the constant danger of retaliation from Muslims, the knightly orders began to form, whose task was to protect the holy land from the attacks of dissent.

The second crusade was organized in 1147; The expedition lasted two years. Its reason was the fall of the County of Edess, which was captured by the Seljuk Sultanate. The second crusade was headed by European rulers: Herman Conrad III and French Louis VII. Their mutual rivalry and reluctance did not bring the expected result, and in the following years, Sultan Salah Ad-Dean conquered almost the entire territory of the Jerusalem kingdom. Thus, the incorrect again mastered the Christian shrines. It became an incentive for the organization of the next, third, cross campaign (1189-1192). He was headed: Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa, French King Philip II August and English King Richard I Lion Heart. Then the Crusaders managed to return to themselves a small territory and agree on the free access of Christians to the places of worship in Jerusalem and other cities.

However, the agreement achieved with the Sultan did not satisfy Christians. The 4th crusade was resolved, the main goal of which was the defeat of Egypt. However, due to the lack of crusader enthusiasm, the initial plan was rejected. Instead, an intervention was undertaken on the coast of Dalmatia and in Byzantium. The crusade led to the conquest of Constantinople in 1204, the overthrow of the Byzantine Empire and the creation of the Latin Empire. He existed until 1261. dating sider